高溫合金中硼化物精細結構的高空間分辨電子顯微學研究

高溫合金中硼化物精細結構的高空間分辨電子顯微學研究Atomic Scale Study of Various Borides Precipitated in Superalloys

為了提高高溫服役性能，微量元素硼(B)被廣泛加入到幾乎所有的商用高溫合金中。研究人員普遍認為B傾向于在晶界偏析，這種偏析有助于抑制高溫下晶界的遷移。B在高溫合金中有兩種存在形式，一種是以固溶形式存在，另一種是以硼化物析出相的形式出現(xiàn)。B在高溫合金中的固溶度非常低，故在高溫服役過程中會析出多種硼化物，如M2B，M3B2和M5B3。盡管這些硼化物在高溫合金中普遍存在，但人們對于其認識仍停留在形貌特征等相對宏觀的尺度上。而基于這些析出相精細結構的深入認識有助于人們優(yōu)化材料設計及合理的闡述結構性能關系。近年來，基于像差校正電子顯微技術，我們利用多種先進的電子顯微學方法在原子尺度上對以上三種硼化物進行了系統(tǒng)的微結構解析。本文概述了硼化物的研究現(xiàn)狀，系統(tǒng)介紹了我們對硼化物結構與缺陷的新認識，并展望了相關研究趨勢。

Microelement B is widely added into almost all commercial superalloys because of the fact that B contributes to strengthening grain boundaries at high temperature during service. Generally, B is present in two different forms. Besides the solute state in matrix, B tends to react with transition elements at high temperatures, giving rise to various borides such as M2B, M3B2 and M5B3 phases. An accurate knowledge of the microstructural characterizations of these borides is of great importance for a better understanding of the structure-property relationship and designing materials with improved properties. We have applied various advanced techniques based on the aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and systematically investigated the borides and revealed many important microstructural features which were unclarified in the past. In this paper, we first present a brief review on the studies of borides, we show the atomic-scale information on the microstructural features we have identified. And finally, we propose some prospects for future studies.

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