低于β相相變溫度時TC4鈦合金攪拌摩擦焊接頭的成形及拉伸性能

低于β相相變溫度時TC4鈦合金攪拌摩擦焊接頭的成形及拉伸性能Formation and tensile properties of friction stir welded TC4 titanium alloy joint below β-phase transus temperature

利用軸肩直徑為15 mm的鎢錸合金攪拌頭對2.5 mm厚TC4鈦合金進行攪拌摩擦焊，重點分析接頭成形、顯微組織與拉伸性能。結(jié)果表明：焊核區(qū)的橫截面形貌呈現(xiàn)典型的“碗形”；當轉(zhuǎn)速小于200 r/min時，焊接過程中的溫度峰值低于β相相變溫度。組成焊核的攪拌針作用區(qū)常出現(xiàn)“撕裂”型缺陷，其主要與焊接過程中的焊接拉應(yīng)力有關(guān)；降低攪拌頭的旋轉(zhuǎn)速度有利于減小、甚至消除“撕裂”型缺陷。低于相變溫度下獲得的無缺陷焊接接頭的抗拉強度幾乎與母材的等同，拉伸測試后的斷口由大量韌窩組成，為典型的韌性斷裂。

TC4 titanium alloy with thickness of 2.5 mm was friction stir welded using W-Re rotational tool with shoulder diameter of 15 mm. The formation, microstructure and tensile property of FSW joint were mainly discussed. The results show that nugget zone (NZ) of cross section presents typical bowl-like shape. When rotating speed is lower than 200 r/min, the peak temperature during welding is below β-phase transus temperature. The tearing defect often appears in pin affected zone of NZ, which results from the welding tensile stress during welding. Decreasing the rotating speed is beneficial to reduce and even eliminate the tearing defect. The defect-free FSW joint attained below β-phase transus temperature owns high tensile strength, which is almost equal to that of base metal. The fracture surface is composed of plenty dimples, presenting the typical ductile fracture.

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