可降解鎂基金屬骨缺損修復材料的研究探索

可降解鎂基金屬骨缺損修復材料的研究探索Research of Mg-based metals as bone graft substitutes

由于各種原因所造成的骨缺損的修復是臨床上一項具有挑戰(zhàn)的難題，理想的骨修復材料應同時具備良好的生物相容性、骨傳導、骨誘導以及成骨功能。自體骨雖然被視為骨修復材料的“金標準”，卻存在取骨量有限和取骨區(qū)并發(fā)癥等問題，而人工合成骨修復材料則還不具備骨誘導能力以及成骨性能，因此臨床常用的骨移植材料以及骨移植替代材料都存在各自的應用局限?？山到怄V基金屬（純鎂和鎂合金）由于具有生物可降解、良好的生物相容性以及與骨組織接近的彈性模量和密度等特性受到人們的廣泛關注。本文較系統(tǒng)地綜述了鎂基金屬在骨填充應用研究中的生物學行為，包括良好的促成骨、骨傳導能力，潛在的骨誘導作用，以及抗菌、抗腫瘤等獨特的生物功能，雖然其在臨床應用上仍需要繼續(xù)研究探索，但不可否認其在骨缺損修復方面具有巨大的優(yōu)勢和潛力，有望成為新一代骨缺損修復替代材料。

Bone defects are very challenging in orthopedic practice due to a variety of reasons. Bone repair requires four critical elements, biocompatibility, osteoconduction, osteoinduction and osteogenesis. The autografts still exist some problems for applications such as the limitation of available autogenous bones and post-operative complications, although they are considered as the “gold standard” in bony defect repairs. Generally the synthetic bone substitutes do not possess osteoinductive and osteogenic activities. Therefore, the clinical bone grafts and bone-graft substitutes have their own shortcomings in the repair of bone defects. Biodegradable magnesium-based metals, including pure magnesium and magnesium alloys, have been concerned and studied recently due to their biodegradation, good biocompatibility and similar elastic modulus and density with bone tissue. This paper summarizes the biological behavior of magnesium-based alloy for bone defects repair application, including ability of promoting osteogenesis, osteoconduction and potential osteoinduction, as well as some particular biofunctions such as antibacterial and antitumor properties. The great advantages and potentials of magnesium in bone defects repair can not be denied as a promising class of bone substitutes.

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